It creeps along the ground covering the soil surface with its leaves. Then it climbs any stem, plant or upright structure it contacts by winding its twining stems around and over its victim.
The culprit is field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) and as you may have discovered it is one of the most persistent and difficult weeds to control. It is native to Eurasia but is now found throughout the world and is believed to have arrived here on contaminated farm and garden seeds.
This adaptable plant can be found growing in full sun and full shade. It is drought tolerant allowing it to outcompete nearby plants. Field bindweed is a fast grower, producing five feet deep and ten feet in diameter root systems with lots of shoots in its first year from seed. Field bindweed grows in natural plantings, gardens, farm fields, greenbelts, forests, and even sprouts in driveways.
The leaves vary in size but are mainly arrowhead in shape with blunt or rounded lobes at the base. The flowers are one-to-two-inch funnel-shaped, white or pink, and resemble a morning glory. Seeds form at the base of the flowers and each plant can produce up to 500 seeds and those seeds can remain viable for as many as 60 years in the soil.
A majority of the rhizomes and roots grow in the upper 2 feet of soil, but some can reach as deep as 20 feet. Most of these produce buds that grow into new plants and fragments of these can also grow into new plants. It’s not surprising this weed is so difficult to control since it is impossible to remove all these roots.
Unfortunately, managing field bindweed is not a once-and-done task. You will need a multifaceted approach to manage it and are not likely to permanently eradicate it from your landscape.
Be vigilant and persistent in removing plants as soon as they appear. Pulling young seedlings within three to four weeks of sprouting can prevent them from becoming established perennials. Regularly removing established plants can limit carbohydrate storage and weaken the plants. Reduce the number of new plants in next year’s garden by removing established plants before they set seed.
Smothering the weeds is a long-term process, not practical for most gardeners, and does not guarantee permanent control. Covering the field bindweed-infested area with plastic tarps or weed barrier covered with several inches of mulch for three to five years is an option. Once the cover is removed, watch for seedlings and shoots to emerge and control as needed.
Keeping desirable plants healthy so they cover the ground and limit the sunlight this weed receives can help your desirable plants compete with the bindweed. You will still need to manage any field bindweed you find growing along the soil and through the plants.
Systemic herbicides that kill the tops and roots are an option. They need to be applied carefully to avoid damaging nearby desirable plants. Repeat applications are necessary and you’ll have better results when combining this with non-chemical controls. As always read and follow label directions.
Battling field bindweed is a daunting task. Making its management a regular part of your garden maintenance can help you control it enough to allow your desirable landscape plants to thrive.
